How Makaton Is Used By Children And Adults With Children...

â€Å"Makaton is a signing system devised by a speech therapist in the 1970s to help adults with severe learning difficulties to communicate. It is a basic means of communication and encourages language development in children and adults with communication difficulties† (Mukherji et al, 2000, Pg. 94). The Makaton vocabulary was designed in 1972 by Marget Walker, she came up with the idea of Makaton through responding and working towards to needs of deaf adults with severe difficulties. Grove et al (1990) highlights that through working with these adults she was looking at signing to teach them language and communication skills. This shows that Walker developed a communication tool through working with the adults with disabilities, this shows†¦show more content†¦This can be done as Makaton signing is used with wwspoken language this can develop children’s spoken skills and vocabulary. Mathieson (2007) reiterates this as they state that the Makaton communication system is strongly supported through language. When using Makaton signs eye contact, body language and facial expressions are used to ensure that the individual that uses Makaton to communicate understands what is being said and then is able respond to the sign. â€Å"Communication is used for people to establish and develop relationships with others it can also be used to express thoughts and feelings.† (Steinberg, 2007, pg 19). This highlights that everyday tasks involve communication such as asking for food and drink, making friends and asking questions, for children with communication difficulties by not being able to doing this effectively, this can lead to exclusion as they struggle to communicate their needs and in social situations. But by using Makaton this can enable them to communicate their needs and to develop their social skills. When working in schools it is important to look at the child’s needs to see how they best communicate this can enable communication to be effective with the child preventing exclusion. This highlights that if a child has communication difficulties this can have social limitations, as they are unable or struggle to communicate this can lead to the children feeling excluded as they cannotSh ow MoreRelatedLanguage and Communication Needs1105 Words   |  5 PagesYou are one of the support workers for a ten year old child who has learning disabilities and needs support at school. The child has language and communication needs. Describe the methods and strategies you might use to enable him to communicate with you. How to use specific methods of communication? Some children need particular help in order to communicate and interact. Speech alone may be difficult for them and they may require special methods of communication. There are several of theseRead MoreAugmentative and Alternative Communication in Children Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesAugmentative and alternative communication (AAC) provides a way for children with autism to communicate. According to DeBonis and Donohue (2008), AAC is a communication option for individuals who have difficulty or inability to express themselves verbally. Children with autism who display difficulty in social situations and verbal communication may benefit from AAC use. AAC systems provide a way for children with autism to communicate, enhance verbal language, and participate in social interactionRead MoreThe Role Of Special Schools For Students With Children With Learning Difficulties1983 Words   |  8 Pagesthe role of special schools and how they support inclusion and attaching expertise whilst working in partnership with parents and professionals. Some of the greatest barriers associated with inclusion in education are negative attitudes. As with society in general, these attitudes and stereotypes are often caused by a lack of knowledge and understanding. Legislation has been implemented into inclusive practice by creating the Equality Act (2010) highlighting how others are treated in society withRead MoreEffective Communication And Health And Social Care Settings2156 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause multi agency working is part of multi-disciplinary team. (Stretch and Whitehouse, 2010) Multi agency working is important because it is really beneficial for not only children but for vulnerable people and their families too. This is really important for effective communication because it helps to understand the needs of children their parents, carers, different services and even agencies. That way practitioners will work together to make sure they provide the correct service that the child andRead More2.2 Apply skills techniques for supporting and encouraging children young people’s positive behaviour.5893 Words   |  24 PagesCommunication and professional relationships with children, young people adults. 1.1 Describe how to establish respectful, professional relationships with children young people. From the offset, I believe that by introducing yourself with a title and surname, a level of respect is obtained. This can also be continued with the other teachers by allowing the children to hear your title surname being used by them. Encourage correct manners to be used by ‘treating others in a way that you expectRead MoreEssay about Communication and Child2090 Words   |  9 Pagescolleagues helps to clarify, develop and even change the way we act and think. To express needs and feelings – These are communicated through behaviour as well as speech; most people need to share feelings with each other to build trust. 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work settings Communication can affect relationships in the work settings if there is a breakdown in communication this can lead to a number of things including a sense of anxiety, isolation and the workRead MoreAssignment 3011852 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 301 Principles of communication in adult social care settings Task B Case study You are a Social Care worker and a service user, Hannah, tells you that she is unhappy taking her new medication. She thinks she does not need it and so she is throwing it away. You know from her care plan that Hannah does need to take the medication regularly and gets confused. Hannah begs you to keep this confidential and not to tell anyone especially her daughter, who she sees regularly, as her daughterRead MoreShc 31 Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings.2756 Words   |  12 PagesBuilding and maintaining relationship †¢ Exchange info †¢ Offer support †¢ Feedback Settings children and young people: †¢ Building and maintaining relationship †¢ Offer support (transitions) †¢ Building confidentiality †¢ Meet child or young person need †¢ Gain knowledge †¢ Giving instruction children dunning activities †¢ Inform parents and staff †¢ Talk to children to encourage positive behaviour Adults and other professional: †¢ Exchange info, sharing ideas †¢ Feedback for other professionalRead MoreUnderstanding Spesific Needs in Health and Social Care5219 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction The aim of this essay is to analyse the concepts of health, disability, illness and behaviour and also investigate how health and social care services and systems support individuals with specific needs and look at different approaches and intervention strategies available to support individuals with specific needs, lastly will explain what challenging behaviour is and explain strategies available for those working with people with specific needs LO1.1 Health is defined as a stateRead MoreUnit 22 Level 3 Health and Social Care4073 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 22... Understanding the Context of Supporting Individuals with Learning Disabilities. 1.1 Identify Legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. Human Rights Stereotyping labelling Discrimination Anti Discrimination Oppression Anti Oppression Valuing people Mental Capacity Act Human Rights Act 2000. No Secrets – Guidance published by the Department

Andrew Carnegie And The Transformation Of The Steel Industry

American Economic Development Andrew Carnegie and the Transformation of the Steel Industry November 2014 Before Andrew Carnegie’s influence in the steel industry, steel was as an expensive product. It was used for tools and weapons, all large scale metal operations were created with cast iron. The Bessemer process was the cheap way to produce steel. The process enabled the mass production of steel for industrial types of usage. Essentially the process breaks down impurities in the iron by way of open furnace extraction. This oxidizes the steel while it is run through molten metal. Steel has been common in production since the Bessemer process was discovered and perfected in the late 1850s. Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry. He was one of the first to practice the vertical integration management technique which drastically reduced his costs of production. Along with the vertical integration his honing of the Bessemer process created somewhat of a monopoly in the area. I say this because Edgar Thompson Steel Works provided permits for Carnegie to purchase a n umber of nearby steel mills. The steel industry in the United States changed drastically from the early 1800s to 1900s; the man responsible for the mass production was Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie is one of the wealthiest men to live on this earth; much of that wealth came from Carnegie Steel Company, later U.S. Steel. Prior to the application of the Bessemer process, Britain had no way of reducingShow MoreRelatedHow Steel Changed America953 Words   |  4 PagesHow Steel changed America One of the greatest discovers that transformed cities to what they are now is steel industry. The rise of the steel industry in the United States drove Americas growth as a world economic power. â€Å"The industrialization of America made steel the number-one selling product. Steel was used in the construction and maintenance of railroads as well as nearly every other industry of the day (Carnegie, Andrew).† Even thou steel had been used during the early days of European settlementRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesNo person will make a great business who wants to do it all himself or get all the credit. (Carnegie) One of the major characteristics that define the success of this Golden age was that of the onset of the multitude of inventions that played a major role in the reformation of agriculture and lifestyle.The transformation of the United States into an industrial nation took place largely after the Civil War and on the Britsih model. Althoug h the Industrial Revolution brought many positive inventionsRead MoreEssay about rocke1851 Words   |  8 Pages Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Carnegie was the pioneering tycoon of the 19th century. From his companies emerged the steel to build the infrastructures such as railroads, bridges, automobiles, and ships that would build a nation in need of direction. He was a major player in the transformation into the Industrial Revolution producing the steel to make machinery and transportation possible. Carnegie built his empire from cost control, low pricesRead MoreThe Homestead Strike And The Development Of Carnegie Steel Corporation957 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica’s economic history, the Homestead Strike and the development of Carnegie Steel Company into United States Steel Corporation. The Author Les Standiford, describes the timeline and battles of determinations of Carnegie and Frick in the moral framework of Weber’s examination of the Protestant ethic which some people believe it gave moral and self-justification to those captains of the industry. This book views Carnegie a nd Frick as two supermen of that era of the Homestead Strike, two men thatRead MoreAndrew Carnegie: Ruthless Conqueror or Great Philanthropist? 1980 Words   |  8 PagesAndrew Carnegie can be looked at as a double edged sword. One edge of the blade would show Carnegie as an ideal example of a poor immigrant fighting his way up to become an incredibly successful business man who would one day give nearly all his fortune away to help society improve itself. The reverse edge of the blade would show Carnegie as a ruthless business man who would slash his workers pay, drive other businesses under and used corruption to become leader of the capitalist world. These viewpointsRead More The Economic History of Pittsburgh Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesappliances, railroad cars and locomotives. However, one industry in particular dominated Pittsburgh’s economic scene and that was the steel industry. In the mid-nineteenth century, Andrew Carnegie created the Carnegie Steel Company, the largest steel monopoly during the Industrial Revolution, which dominated Pittsburgh’s industrial production and economy. Because of this, Pittsburgh was dubbed The Forge of America. Because the Carnegie Steel Company was so dominant in Pittsburgh’s economy at theRead MoreRobber Barons Or Industrial Giants. In The Late19Th And1455 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica, underwent major transformations that would forever change America and the world. The cause of the changes was America’s Industrial Era, which began roughly eleven years after the Civil War ended. The industrialization of America could not have started and continued without big money, and the leaders and financiers of the movement were capitalists. Capitalists were men who had accumulated massive fortunes, such as John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Andrew Carnegie, and they used their moneyRead MoreThe Age Of Transition Of The United States1874 Words   |  8 PagesUnited State’s commerce and ultimately, the economy. With Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803, the United States doubled in its size, providing new land for his virtuous yeomen population. The Indian Removal Acts passed by President Andrew Jackson in 1832, authorized the removal of the Five Civilized Tribes– Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles– from the lands east of the Mississippi and further ignited the expansion of United States territory. In â€Å"President Jackson’sRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution in the United States: An Overview1295 Words   |  5 Pagesbegun earlier but it was in the years known as the Gilded Age (1870-1910) that the process began in earnest in the United States (The Genesiss of Industrial America, 2007). It was during these years that individuals such as John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt made their fortu nes. During this period the ground work was established that would allow the United States to eventually emerge as the worlds greatest industrialized power in the years following the Second World WarRead MoreIndustrialization and the Rise of Big Business: Americas Transformation into an Economic Superpower2669 Words   |  11 Pagesculture. The rise of corporations, such as Carnegie Steel, J.P. Morgan, and Standard Oil, in the late 1800s, was able to dramatically shape the country politically, socially, and economically and even continues to do so today through new modern finance and monopolies. Industrial growth was mainly fueled by a surplus in resources, immigration and therefore cheap labor, and major technological advances that expanded the capabilities of various industries. As technological advances transformed production

Selena Quintanilla free essay sample

â€Å"Never in my dreams would I have thought I would become this big. I am still freaking out† (Tower 245). This quote was made my Selena Quintanilla, a contemporary artist. Selena wasn’t aiming for that big in the charts or in popularity. After all the years of practice, rehearsals, and hard-work, the unexpected blow of being number one shocked her. Selena was doing it just for her family, herself, and for fun. What made her so popular and interesting was the true power, her music cross-over. Selena Quintanilla was known as the Mexican Madonna because of her sultry voice and energetic dance movements and, also, earned the title â€Å"Queen of Tejano† because of her music and the distinction of crossing the musical barrier that all Latino artists were afraid of making. Selena Quintanilla was born on April 16, 1971 in Lake Jackson, Texas (â€Å"Selena† Newsmaker). She was born to Abraham and Marcela Quintanilla and was the youngest sister to Suzette and A. B. Selena’s father, Abraham, used to be a vocalist of a popular band, called Los Dinos, in South Texas playing popular rock ‘n’ roll songs with some traditional Mexican music (â€Å"Selena† Encyclopedia) . He married Marcela and settled down and became a shipping clerk at the Dow Chemical Plant to have children. He passed down his musical genes to his kids. Suzette learned to play the drums, A. B. learned to play the bass guitar, and Selena became a natural singer (â€Å"Selena† Encyclopedia). She practiced her voice all the time with the songs she loved. She also practiced with her siblings doing â€Å"jam sessions† (Tower 243). Abraham, after years of working for others, opened up his own restaurant (â€Å"Selena† Newsmakers). Selena, A. B. , and Suzette became a band, called Selena y Los Dinos, and first played at their father’s restaurant (Tower 243). There was an economy recession and it made things difficult. The restaurant was closed down and they packed their things and moved to Corpus Christi. Selena went to school in West Oso Junior High School, but missed a lot of classes because she had to rehearse with the band. She permanently dropped out in the eighth grade (â€Å"Selena† Encyclopedia). After a while, she graduated through correspondence courses of an American school in Chicago. Selena recorded a couple of songs but they were never released. Los Dinos started to play in bigger events and ballrooms. After winning the Tejano Music Award for Best Female Vocalist and Performer of the Year at the age of fifteen, she was signed to EMI Records in 1989 and her first EMI Latin album Selena was released. The song that went throughout the United States was called Buenos Amigos and it was a duet with Alvaro Torres. The Top Female Vocalist award went to Selena in 1987 and each year throughout 1989 to 1994. In total, Selena won six Tejano awards (Myers 966). In the beginning of her career she couldn’t speak Spanish. She sang to mostly Latino audiences but she was still Texan, so her older brother had to teach her the Spanish lyrics he wrote for the band (â€Å"Selena† Newsmaker). Later her father made her learn to speak Spanish completely because she had to project a more realistic Latino image for the radio interviews that they had (Tower 244). In 1992, Selena went against her father and married a lead guitarist in her band (â€Å"Selena† St. James). Selena Quintanilla married Chris Perez on April 2, 1992 and from that day on became Selena Quintanilla-Perez (Myers 966). While she made success in the music business, Selena opened up a clothing manufacturing business and had two boutiques in Texas called Selena etc. that sold various merchandise. On March 31, 1995 in Corpus Christi, Selena was shot in the back and pronounced dead after shortly arriving to the hospital. She was shot by a woman named Yolanda Saldivar who was the president of Selena’s fan club, manager of Selena’s two boutiques, and a best friend to Selena Quintanilla (Tower 244-245). In the beginning of Yolanda Saldivar and the Quintanilla’s relationship, she was just a woman who wanted to become Selena’s fan club president. Selena was inspired by Saldivar and they became close friends. Saldivar convinced the family that she was able to become the manager of Selena’s two businesses so they hired her. After they hired Saldivar, bad things started to happen. The fashion designer quit because Saldivar was accused of being â€Å"mean and manipulative† (Tower 245). Fans started complaining that they did not get the accessories that they ordered. Also, money was disappearing from the business. The Quintanilla family accused Saldivar but she said she was innocent. Saldivar testifies it as an accident and stated that she meant to shoot herself but the gun went off on Selena instead (Myers 967). Some people will never know if Selena would have ever made the cross-over successfully. Too many Latino artists crossed over and lose their Latin touch. Before her death, she had just recorded six songs for her English album. The English album, Dreaming of You, â€Å"brought Tejano music to millions of fans who previously knew nothing about this genre of music† (â€Å"Selena† Encyclopedia). Tejano music is a mix from a lot of different beats and tunes. It started out with the Czech and German Immigrants that went to South Texas and brought in their accordions and polka beats. After that, it blended well with the traditional Mexican music. Then the migrant workers went down to South Texas and brought in big band sounds. And finally, the combined sounds and tunes created the music called Tejano (â€Å"Selena† St. James). The cross-over was going to become her whole success. Critics claimed that Selena was definitely going to make it. After the incident though, her albums did cross-over and became famous in the U. S. A. The song Amor Prohibida sold 500,000 copies after she died. She also won the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/American Performance. â€Å"The fusion of different cultures is what Selena was all about, and it was her unabashed expression of all of her differing selves that allowed so many Latinos to identify with her† (â€Å"Selena† St. James). A lot of people looked up to her, especially the Latinos. She was most popular with the Latinos, and to be more specific, the young Latina women. They looked up to her as a role model. They looked up to her because she had a clean moral lifestyle. Even after exposing her body over and over again through performances on stage, she had a wholesome and naive image. She was talented and had hard work, family devotion, and wholesome cultural values or something else that the fans could relate to. Critics claimed she would be the next Madonna, famous in music and movies. Also, Marilyn Monroe believed Selena would become a crossover artist (â€Å"Selena† St. James). Selena was a fast selling female artist of all time, second to Janet Jackson (â€Å"Selena† Newsmaker). Her album, Selena Live, became the first album by a Latin artist to hit number one on the pop charts after death. She was the pride and ambition to Latinas (â€Å"Selena† St. James). She kept herself clean while wearing seducing clothing and had a dream come true after all the hard work and troubles she had in the past. What makes Selena, Selena is the hardships she went through, her power, and the influence she held over her fans and other Latino artists. Selena is important to remember because back then female artists didn’t really become as big as Selena got. She’s important also because she influenced other musicians for a successful cross-over. â€Å"Though her life was cut tragically short, Selena Quintanilla-Perez remains ‘una de nosotros’ (one of us) to her Latino community, and she unquestionably opened the door for a wider awareness and appreciation of the Latin pop music she loved† (â€Å"Selena† St. James). To maintain Selena’s legacy, people should buy her albums and listen to the heartfelt music that her older brother wrote. People could also watch the movie Selena starring Jennifer Lopez as Selena.

Nuclear Diplomatic Relations

Introduction Diplomacy refers to the act of conducting negotiations between parties or nations through professional interactions. Diplomatic relations covers subjects in relation to matters that include business, war, environment and human rights among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Diplomatic Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With emergence of globalization and subsequent identification of particular issues as of global concern, international effort has been necessitated in even matters that occur within countries. Such has been the case of the Japanese nuclear crisis which has drawn international concern. This paper seeks to discuss the possible implications of the Japanese nuclear crisis to the future of nuclear power in Asia. The paper will look into international regulations over nuclear power, the Japanese crisis, reactions into the crisis and the implications that the crisis could have on future nuclear power in Asia. The nuclear technology Developments in nuclear energy started in the 1930s with discovery of nuclear fission and a subsequent testing in the year 1939 in Germany. The situation that was presented by the threat and the final occurrence of the Second World War then facilitated research into the nuclear field which led to the development of nuclear weapons. Following the impacts of the application of nuclear weapons during the world war, efforts were made to control the acquisition and use of nuclear facilities. The regulations however gave room for restricted and monitored use of such technology for peaceful purposes. The United States for example enacted laws for peaceful use of nuclear energy in the year 1946. Countries such as the Soviet Union, France and United Kingdom then later established plants for use of nuclear energy (ICJT, 2001). Regulatory measures over nuclear technology Following the adverse effects of nuclear weapons during the Se cond World War, initiatives were made for the control and even the spread of nuclear technology around the globe. A treaty, nuclear non proliferation treaty, was for example established for international regulation of the technology.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under the treaty, transfer or acquisition of nuclear weapons by any country was restricted with only regulated and supervised transfer of the technology form peaceful use such as in the production of energy (FAS, n.d.). The establishment of â€Å"international atomic energy agency† as a subsidiary to the non proliferation treaty was then undertaken to ensure compliance to the treaty with the motive of ensuring peace (United Nations, 2002). The agency’s role is stipulated to include promotion of interaction between countries with respect to peaceful application of the technology and at the same ti me prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons (United Nations, 2002). Following the high risk factors that have been associated with the nuclear technology, there has been concern in the international community with calls that any country that involves in the application of nuclear technology, even for energy purposes, must ensure safety measures with respect to the environment. The international atomic energy agency for instance provides that any party that establishes a nuclear plant must submit commitments to ensuring â€Å"effective levels of safety, security, and safeguards† (Apikyan Diamond D., 2009, p. 26). This is due to the associated risks that are associated to the nuclear technology that is a threat not only to a subject nation, but also to its entire neighborhood (Apikyan Diamond, 2009). The nuclear crisis in Japan The nuclear problem that was realized in Japan in the year 2011 was as a result of a continuous leak that was realized in one of the country’s nuclear energy plants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Diplomatic Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leak that was caused by an earthquake led to devastating effects with more that fourteen thousand people left dead and many others with side effects of nuclear radiations. The radiations into the atmosphere and the sea also threatened safety across the Japanese boarders (BBC, 2011). Effects of the crisis on the future of nuclear power in Asia The effects of the Japanese nuclear power plant leak and its subsequent effects sent thrills of fears the whole world. In India for example, where nuclear energy has been an on going development, calls have been made for the abolition of the expansion and even use of nuclear energy on the grounds of security threats as was realized in Japan (Brewster, 2011). The leaked emission from the Japanese plant also drew mixed reactions from representatives in the United Nations climate talks. The crisis triggered calls for more regulations over use of nuclear technology with respect to environmental safety. These calls have possible implications of increased global regulations of use of nuclear energy which, if instituted, will equally affect the future establishments of nuclear sites in Asia as well as around the world (Fogarty, 2011). Conclusion The dangers that are associated with leaks from nuclear energy plants as was evidenced in the Japanese crisis has possible impacts of increased regulations by international bodies and pressure from environmental movements that might slow down developments of nuclear power applications in Asia as well as globally. References Apikyan, S. Diamond, D. (2009). Nuclear Power and Energy Security. Netherlands: Springer. BBC. (2011). Japan nuclear crisis over in nine months. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brewster, D. (2011). Political fallout from Japanese nuclear crisis hits India. Web. FAS.  Ã‚  Treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons. Web. Fogarty, D. (2011). Japan nuclear crisis to impact UN climate talks- EU. Web. ICJT. (2001). The history of nuclear technology. Web. United Nations. (2002). UN Disarmament. Web. This essay on Nuclear Diplomatic Relations was written and submitted by user Zackary Lara to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Example of Confidence Interval for Variance

Example of Confidence Interval for Variance The population variance gives an indication of how to spread out a data set is. Unfortunately, it is typically impossible to know exactly what this population parameter is. To compensate for our lack of knowledge, we use a topic from inferential statistics called confidence intervals. We will see an example of how to calculate a confidence interval for a population variance.​ Confidence Interval Formula   The formula for the (1 - ÃŽ ±) confidence interval about the population variance. Is given by the following string of inequalities: [ (n - 1)s2] / B ÏÆ'2 [ (n - 1)s2] / A. Here n is the sample size, s2 is the sample variance. The number A is the point of the chi-square distribution with n -1 degrees of freedom at which exactly ÃŽ ±/2 of the area under the curve is to the left of A. In a similar way, the number B is the point of the same chi-square distribution with exactly ÃŽ ±/2of the area under the curve to the right of B. Preliminaries We begin with a data set with 10 values. This set of data values was obtained by a simple random sample: 97, 75, 124, 106, 120, 131, 94, 97,96, 102 Some exploratory data analysis would be needed to show that there are no outliers. By constructing a stem and leaf plot we see that this data is likely from a distribution that is approximately normally distributed. This means that we can proceed with finding a 95% confidence interval for the population variance. Sample Variance We need to estimate the population variance with the sample variance, denoted by s2. So we begin by calculating this statistic. Essentially we are averaging the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. However, rather than dividing this sum by n we divide it by n - 1. We find that the sample mean is 104.2. Using this, we have the sum of squared deviations from the mean given by: (97 – 104.2)2 (75 – 104.3)2 . . . (96 – 104.2)2 (102 – 104.2)2 2495.6 We divide this sum by 10 – 1 9 to obtain a sample variance of 277. Chi-Square Distribution We now turn to our chi-square distribution. Since we have 10 data values, we have 9 degrees of freedom. Since we want the middle 95% of our distribution, we need 2.5% in each of the two tails. We consult a chi-square table or software and see that the table values of 2.7004 and 19.023 enclose 95% of the distribution’s area. These numbers are A and B, respectively. We now have everything that we need, and we are ready to assemble our confidence interval. The formula for the left endpoint is [ (n - 1)s2] / B. This means that our left endpoint is: (9 x 277)/19.023 133 The right endpoint is found by replacing B with A: (9 x 277)/2.7004 923 And so we are 95% confident that the population variance lies between 133 and 923. Population Standard Deviation Of course, since the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, this method could be used to construct a confidence interval for the population standard deviation. All that we would need to do is to take square roots of the endpoints. The result would be a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation.

A Girl Like I

A Girl Like I A Girl Like I A Girl Like I By Maeve Maddox A reader writes I know you have written on this issue before, but I see the problem has arisen even in your latest message. You say  For those of you who, like me, hadn’t heard of SI symbols, you’ll find a list here.    Like me   My husband and I have been arguing over the use of me and/or I daily. I would say like me, and he says, like I. I have a sinking feeling he is grammatically correct.   Answer please? I wish all grammar questions were as easy to answer as this one. Its never, ever correct to say like I. In Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, Marilyn Monroe plays a blonde bimbo (what else?)   One of her conversational character tags is like I? When the movie came out in 1953, the audience was expected to laugh when she said it. Like is a preposition. Prepositions ALWAYS take an object. The object form of I is me. Im sorry to learn that even one person thinks that like I is a grammatical possibility in standard English. The incorrect use of I in compound objects after the preposition to has been around for some time now. For example: They were very kind to Michelle and I. Putting anothers name in front of the pronoun does not change the fact that to is a preposition and requires an object form: They were very kind to Michelle and me. I hope that this incorrect use of I after like doesnt make the strides in popular speech that it has after transitive verbs. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?7 Other Types of Pronouns

William Rainey Harpers Influence on the University of Chicago Research Paper

William Rainey Harpers Influence on the University of Chicago - Research Paper Example He was considered an academic prodigy, since he was only fourteen when he enrolled at Yale and it took him only three years to earn a Ph.D. Image 1.- William Rainey Harper Image 2.- Logo of the University of Chicago William Rainey Harper became a full professor of divinity in 1880, after accepting an instructorship in Hebrew Theology at the original University of Chicago, and soon after, in 1886, which was also the university’s final year, he was named president. When the university closed, he went back to Yale, started teaching Semitic languages (Hebrew, Assyrian, Arabic, Aramaic, and Syrian) to graduates, and became an instructor in the divinity school. Harper was the first one to recruit a woman, Alice Palmer Freeman for a dean at the University of Chicago. â€Å"Chicago in its early years was renowned for the opportunities it offered to women as students, faculty and staff. This commitment, however, was exceptional.† (Thelin, 2004. p.143) As a genius when it comes t o organization and an innovative leader, Harper brought American higher education to a higher level, in cooperation with civic leaders and donors in Chicago. William Rainey Harper- An Introduction Harper was born on July 26, 1865 and he died on January 10, 1906. He lived a short life, only 41 year, but he accomplished more that many people do in a much longer life. Always ahead of other people, even in his early life, he was considered a prodigy. He was so advanced that he began with his college preparations at the age of eight. When he was ten, he enrolled in Muskingum College, in New Concord, Ohio. There he studied languages and music. Four years later, after graduating from this college, Harper enrolled in Yale University and completed his postgraduate studies in 1876; it took him only three years to earn his Ph.D. in philology. He worked at various positions at Yale University and Denison University. He became the first president of the University of Chicago and a great contribu tor to the development of the modern university in the United States. A most interesting and inspiring personality, Harper wrote various textbooks and advocated lifelong learning. According to Thelin (2004. p.120), â€Å"Understanding his biography is essential for understanding the modern American university.† William Rainey Harper married Ella Paul Harper in 1875, and soon became a parent of four, three sons and one daughter. The president of the University of Chicago Shortly after being selected to help with the organization in the University of Chicago, at the age of thirty-five (in 1891), Harper was selected as the university’s first president. He took this job very seriously and set standards quite high. Elevating the salaries of the faculty members and, Harper attracted the best scholars to the university. As he was an expert in every area of education, he expected high level of education of his employees. â€Å"Chicago’s William Rainey Harper stands out even in an era of heroic leaders. He became a local hero of sorts, dubbed Chicago’s â€Å"young man in a hurry†Ã¢â‚¬  (Thelin, 2004. p.120) Harper was so well known, locally and nationally, and his influence was so great that the University of Chicago became known as â€Å"Harper’s Bazaar†. William Rainey Harper and the University of Chicago William Rainey Harper was also giving public courses on the Bible, besides lecturing and overseeing journals, a corresponding school, and the printing office. His reputation as a prodigy attracted the attention of John D. Rockefeller who wanted to found a university and was ready to donate generous amounts of money for the cause. Rockefeller, whose aim was to create and endow a